Monday, November 01, 2021

What I'm Listening To....'Jazz On The Autobahn'.


ThanksForAll
TheFishVille


It's a new tune from the Felice Brothers' new album.

And it's almost as if young Ian was sitting in the corner taking copious notes while, say, Lou Reed, Mr. Zimmerman and Bukowski huddled at the bar and argued endlessly about the ghosts in Ralf Hutter's many machines.

Or some such thing.


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And, for the record, it was Paul Willcocks, not me, who came up with the idea of finally ditching our day jobs and forming a Felice Brothers tribute (not cover) band....
Subheader?...This.



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Saturday, October 30, 2021

Fool We Once...

Pants
AFireVille


From former U.S. Attorney Chuck Rosenberg, writing in Time magazine about Steve Bannon and criminal contempt:
Congress has no authority to prosecute anyone for anything. Prosecution is an executive branch function, and that power is vested in the Justice Department. That is why Congress asked the Justice Department to prosecute Bannon for contempt – a crime punishable by a fine and imprisonment...

{snip}

...Recall, in August 2020, federal prosecutors in Manhattan indicted Bannon and others for “defraud[ing] hundreds of thousands of donors, capitalizing on their interest in funding a border wall to raise millions of dollars, under the false pretense that all of that money would be spent on construction,” according to a Justice Department press release. As a legal matter, that meant that a grand jury found probable cause to believe that several defendants – including Bannon – committed an egregious fraud. Before Bannon could be tried on those felony charges, former President Trump pardoned him.

It makes sense for Justice Department prosecutors to ask whether Bannon – accused of defrauding hundreds of thousands of donors – would tell the truth about the January 6 insurrection. And because Bannon has demonstrated his disdain for the work of the select committee, helped spread election misinformation and fanned the flames ahead of the insurrection, it seems that he might be an unwilling witness and an untruthful witness. In that case, pressuring Bannon to testify seems pointless...

The inimitable Emptywheel, after showing (many) receipts, comes to a different somewhat different conclusion. Specifically, she thinks past performance indicates that the good Mr. Bannon can be leaned on:
...To be clear, the January 6 Select Committee doesn’t have the time to coerce some truths out of Steve Bannon, though it’s possible that DOJ could use any testimony he did offer as Mueller’s team seems to have done during their investigation, as a means to corner him about prior lies.

In any case, though his testimony helped convict Roger Stone (after which Trump pardoned the rat-fucker), whatever truths Bannon told during the Mueller investigation were useless. The truthful bits remained sealed in an unreleased 302 and grand jury testimony, of no use to the public.

Still, the overriding lesson from Bannon’s book of laughter and forgetting is that his past lies and changing loyalties can be exploited, if you have the time to really work on him.

Here's hoping Mr. Biden's version of the U.S. Dept of Justice takes all the time it needs.


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Unrelated but...Apropos of just about everything civic and citizenry....If you, like just about everyone everywhere, have pumpkins on the brain this weekend, go read our friend Danneau's latest post...You won't regret it!


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Friday, October 29, 2021

What I'm Listening To....'A History Of Rock Music In 500 Songs'


AllTheTunes
ThatFitVille


This is a weekly podcast by an English fellow/musical mensch/writer named Andrew Hickey.

It is completely free*, completely DIY, and I'm completely hooked because this guy really, really does the research and makes fantastic connections/has amazing insights.

At the moment Mr. Hickey is up to episode #135 (circa 1965) but every single episode so far is readily available, either at his website or through the usual podcatchers.

At the risk of sowing family discord, here is a fairly recent favourite (#109) about how Peter, Paul and Mary came to be - and before those in the know, and/or the ghost of Dave Van Ronk, start shaking their first at at Albert Grossman, don't forget that most of us probably wouldn't know about Dylan either without big Al)...
Episode 109: “Blowin’ in the Wind” by Peter, Paul, and Mary


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*Unless, of course, you'd like to support his work and receive bonus content via his Patreon.



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Thursday, October 28, 2021

What Are The Data For COVID Vaccine Booster Efficacy Across Age Groups?

PublicHealth
MattersVille


The province of British Columbia has announced that it will be rolling out COVID-19 vaccine boosters across age groups after first offering the third shots our most senior and most vulnerable citizens.

The following is from David Carrigg's and Kevin Griffin's story in Wednesday's Vancouver Sun:
B.C. will be the first jurisdiction in North America to offer a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine to the general population.

On Tuesday, provincial health officer Dr. Bonnie Henry said that as of January a booster dose of either Pfizer or Moderna vaccine would be offered to British Columbians aged 12 and over who have already received their second dose...

{snip}

...Until now, B.C. had followed other Canadian provinces and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control in offering the third dose only to those in long-term care facilities, seniors and those in high-risk settings or who are immune-compromised.

The new B.C. program will deliver millions of booster shots to the population aged 12 and over between January and May...

So.

Are there hard data that an mRNA-based vaccine booster is efficacious?

Well, the best I've seen comes from the Israeli Health Ministry using the Pfizer vaccine.

Here is the kicker from the abstract of their pre-print:
...Across all age groups, rates of confirmed infection and severe illness were substantially lower among those who received a booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine...

And here are some of the data from the Israeli study re-formatted and presented to the US FDA recently:




****

Overall, I applaud the province for being proactive and taking this step because the data so far indicate that it's the best way to decrease productive infection by and illness due to SARS-CoV-2  across the province.

However, I must confess that I'm personally somewhat conflicted by our boosters for all ages strategy given how many of the world's citizens have still not received their first vaccine dose. On that front, Stephanie Nolen's NYTimes piece on Merck's decision to make their antiviral treatment widely available cheaply through the Medicines Patent Pool appears to be a real positive.


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Tuesday, October 26, 2021

We're Number 19!

Meanwhile
IWasStillThinkingVille


Yes, that's right.

According to the fine folks at Newsweek and the Financial Secrecy Institute, Canada is number 19 on the world list of the very 'best' tax havens for those who are looking for such a thing:
Canada has long been considered a tax haven due to its very low executive tax rates for businesses, and has also struggled with being a money-laundering centre, thanks to weakness on beneficial ownership and transparency.

This means that it is easy to operate a shell company out of Canada...

Meanwhile, here in Lotusland we wait for December to arrive...
Three days of closing submissions at the inquiry into money laundering started today (Oct 15th) ahead of a final report and recommendations that are due in December.

The provincial government appointed B.C. Supreme Court Justice Austin Cullen in 2019 to lead the inquiry after several reports said the flow of hundreds of millions of dollars in illegal cash linked to organized crime affected the province's real estate, luxury vehicle and gaming sectors...

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And where does this slot us?....Why right between the exalted company of Malta and Qatar!
Subheader?...This.



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Saturday, October 23, 2021

The Will Of The Graph Paper Putin People.


TheTyrannyOfTheRectilinear
SuperMajorityVille



When statisticians/researchers Dmitry Kobak and Sergey Shpilkin aggregated all the Russian voting patterns for the last twenty years and plotted turnout vs. percentage support for Mr. Putin and friends at each polling station, a funny thing happened during the graph making.

Which is that when support for the Putinista's is highest (i.e. top right quadrant of the graph) the cloud disappears and discrete patterns of support emerge that cluster around the zeroes and fives, almost as if arbitrary data entries had occurred over and over and over again.

Imagine that!


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Tip 'O The Toque to the fine folks from FlowingData...


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Tuesday, October 19, 2021

The (Most) Extreme 'Moderate' (Of Them All).

Quo
StatusVill
e


Awhile back we wondered if the good Mr. Manchin's posturing on shrinking the size of Joe Biden's infrastructure bill might have had more to do with squeezing climate change initiatives out of the thing than the dollar cost.

Well, well, well, whaddya know...




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Monday, October 11, 2021

Your Morning Audio...Ripple (Grateful Dead Cover)


BeSmarterThanAllThoseOtherKids
FlahertyVille


In the Paul Feig-penned final episode of 'Freaks and Geeks' the most famous Lindsay Weir encounter with the Grateful Dead comes when she lets go to 'Box of Rain' in her bedroom.

But, in my opinion, it's 'Ripple', playing over the closing montage (above), that hits just the right mix of joy and melancholy as freedom and self knowledge collide in a Volkswagen van full of friends heading on down the road.

Or some such thing...



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Weirdly, Feig and producer Judd Apatow knew the show was doomed midway through the first season so they got the last show in the can right then and there so that they could force the network to air it, regardless when the cancellation came. In the end the axe fell after fifteen episodes. Three more surfaced after the fact via cable and streaming deals...Apatow later said that everything he's done since has been an attempt to get revenge on the people that cancelled Freaks and Geeks.
Sub-header is uttered by Count Floyd pretending to be Lindsay's Dad as she boards the bus that is supposed to take her to pre-college nerd camp.

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Thursday, October 07, 2021

The Trillionator.

DarkAndDusty
PaintedOnTheSkyVille


In the beginning Joe Biden's stimulatory 'Build Back Better' plan, which included a significant climate action component, was costed at seven trillion dollars.

MSNBC's MacKenzie Sigalos had that story this time last year:

...Striking a stimulus deal is only one part of Biden’s pandemic recovery plan. What he actually wants is something much bigger: for the country to spend over $7 trillion on initiatives such as infrastructure, which includes the creation of 10 million clean-energy jobs, and on housing, education, economic fairness and health care. He’s bundled all his ideas under the slogan Build Back Better...


Of course 7 trillion dollars is a big number, even if the plan is/was to spend it over ten years.

Except, perhaps, when you compare it the total value of the subsidies that prop up the fossil fuel industry every single year, as the Guardian's Damian Carrington explains:

...The IMF found the production and burning of coal, oil and gas was subsidised by $5.9tn in 2020, with not a single country pricing all its fuels sufficiently to reflect their full supply and environmental costs. Experts said the subsidies were “adding fuel to the fire” of the climate crisis, at a time when rapid reductions in carbon emissions were urgently needed...

****

Of course, Mr. Biden's proposed plan has now been cut in half to $3.5 trillion, still with a significant climate action component, and now he is trying get his own party's senators pass the bill.

Democrat Joe Manchin of West Virginia has drawn a line in the sand at 1.5 trillion, ostensibly because of  debt reduction:

Joe Manchin proposed a deal to Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer this summer to limit the total cost of Democrats' sweeping spending bill to $1.5 trillion, according to a copy of the agreement obtained by POLITICO...

{snip}

...In the document, Manchin proposes raising the corporate tax rate to 25 percent, the top tax rate on income to 39.6 percent, raising the capital gains tax rate to 28 percent and says that any revenue from the bill “exceeding” $1.5 trillion will go to deficit reduction...


But.

With crocodile tear-laced apologies to a fine fellow named Grover, is it possible that Mr. Manchin is trying to strangle Mr. Biden's bill in a coal- and oil-filled bathtub for a different reason?

The Irish Times' correspondent in Washington Coral Davenport hinte at that possibility recently:

Senator Joe Manchin, the powerful West Virginia Democrat who chairs the Senate energy panel and earned $500,000 (€430,000) last year from coal production, is preparing to remake US president Joe Biden’s climate legislation in a way that tosses a lifeline to the fossil fuel industry – despite urgent calls from scientists that countries need to quickly pivot away from coal, gas and oil to avoid a climate catastrophe.

Manchin has already emerged as the crucial up-or-down vote in a sharply divided Senate when it comes to Biden’s push to pass a $3.5 trillion budget Bill that could reshape the nation’s social welfare network. But Biden also wants the Bill to include an aggressive climate policy that would compel utilities to stop burning fossil fuels and switch to wind, solar or nuclear energy, sources that do not emit the greenhouse gases that are heating the planet...


With friends like that subsidies....errrr...trillions matter.

OK?


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Update, Friday: And, just in the nick of time...Here comes the (formerly?) green Ms. Sinema with her more direct, upfront rip-off of the Climate Mitigation Slash Machine Blues....


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Saturday, October 02, 2021

It's A Long Way From The Blues.


NotAllTillermen
DrinkTeaVille


By the time that big Fleetwood Mac album came out in 1977 I wasn't really paying attention, mostly because my friends and I were already starting to sniff around at that new musical thing coming while we stapled egg cartons to the garage room walls.

You know that then 'new' musical thing that now means that, more than forty years later, all the algorithms in all the gin joints in all the streaming service worlds inevitably lead me back to 'Gates of the West' by the Clash.

Anyway, after Lindsey Buckingham was on Marc Maron's podcast recently, I went back and had another listen to Rumours, etc.

And then I did some digging around in an effort to learn what, exactly, it was that Mick Fleetwood heard while listening to demos at Sound City Studios in 1974 that led him to ask Buckingham to become Fleetwood Mac's new guitar player.

Surprisingly, the algorithms do not take you to that thing that Fleetwood heard on 1973's Buckingham/Nicks album because that album is out of print.

But you can find it - and it's all there - the whole thing, pre-formed.

So much so, that it's pretty darned clear that Fleetwood and John McVie essentially became little more than Buckingham's and Nicks' (and occasionally Christine Perfect's) rhythm section when it came time to make the band's next two albums - you know, the ones that made them all rich and soon drove them white line crazy.

If you don't believe me about that Buckingham/Nicks thing (and/or don't already know), just have a listen...


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Post title is apparently what McVie said to Fleetwood when he was struck dumb by the realization that the two of them were about to make sixteeen tons of money backing that California sound that Buckingham and Nicks had concocted.
Subheader?...You can hear the Cat/Yusaf influence that Buckingham talks about on Maron in that B/N album...Incidentally, it was an album that went nowhere except, weirdly, in Northern Alabama...Go figure. 
Regarding 'Gates of the West'...Back in the day I was very proud of having a cut of Mick Jones's somewhat obscure homage to Mott the Hoople's 'All the way from Memphis' that was the pre-London Calling antithesis of Strummer's earlier 'I'm So Bored With The USA' on a compilation tape that played endlessly in the pirated Kenny van throughout the early '80's.
Update: If you want to go backward in Fleetwood Mac time into the blues, check out this great post by our good friend Danneau.


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Thursday, September 30, 2021

Back To The Future In Vancouver Civic Politics?

ArtAsBiff?
PhillipsVille


Well.

Here's something interesting from the Vancouver Sun's Cheryl Chan:

Vancouver councillor Colleen Hardwick plans to seek the mayoral nomination of a new municipal party.

Hardwick, who quit the Non-Partisan Association (NPA) in April to sit as an independent, announced Wednesday she has joined TEAM for a Livable Vancouver and now represents the newly-formed party on council...

{snip}

...The new TEAM, named after the original The Electors’ Action Movement (TEAM) founded by Hardwick’s father and three-term Vancouver councillor Walter Hardwick and former mayor Art Phillips in 1968, will put Vancouver residents and its neighbourhoods first, promised Hardwick...



Will the resurrection of the party that Ms. Hardwick's Dad helped to build the first time around turn out to be viable?

Will it carve votes away from the NPA's Mr. Coupar and ensure a K. Stewart victory next fall? 

Will it give Marky Mark's mayoral candidacy a wee bit of wiggle room to move up through the cracks that have developed in the center-right 'round here?

Honestly, I'm not enough of an insider to know the answers to any of the above for sure - but feel free to weigh in if you have an opinion and/or an insight.


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I would be re-miss if I didn't mention that Sean Holman is coming back to British Columbia...Something tells me that Mr. Holman and Norm Farrell will be crossing paths with some regularity on the climate policy beat (which I reckon will be a very good thing indeed).



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Thursday, September 23, 2021

Nanaimo-Ladysmith Nail Biter...The Stealthiest Con Of Them All?

TheHubOfAll
HarboursVille

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Update Sat Sept 25th: Dipper Barron wins in Nanaimo, Lib Miao wins in Richmond, Lib Noormohamed wins in VanGranShaughnessyBigHouseFlippedOrNotLand
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Nanaimo Ladysmith is one of those British Columbia ridings where the decision could by decided by the mail-in ballots. 

Apparently, there are approximately 8,000 mail-in/special ballots that are currently being verified by Elections Canada. The plan is to start counting them tomorrow/Friday.





Paul Manly, the Greeniac, was the riding's MP in the previous parliament. Currently, he's on the outside looking in by 2,800 votes. Here is what he had to say about the situation late on election night:



The Dipper, and current leader by 1,000 votes, Lisa Marie Barron had this to say early the morning after the election:




As for the second place Con?

Well, who knows what Tamar Kronis thinks and/or has to say about anything, including the fact that the PPC vote in the riding is considerably greater than the difference between herself and Ms. Barron.


Yes.


Imagine that!



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StealthCon?...It's a CPC strategy that started in, surprise!, the Harper era.
And we thank longtime reader e.a.f. for bringing the multitude of different demos in Nanaimo-Ladysmith to our attention awhile back.



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Saturday, September 11, 2021

B.C. Ridings In Play?....Post Election Day Update (before Mail-In's)


MayYourFranchiseWishes
AllComeTrueVille

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Post-Election Day Update for each riding below...
Update Sat Sept 18th at bottom of post

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Mostly, I don't give much of a hoot-in-heckfire about national or even regional polls because, in my opinion at least, it's riding-specific polls that matter most. Unfortunately, we, the peons, have seen little of those.

Regardless, with eyes half-closed due to the lack of hard contemporaneous data, here is a list of what I think are ridings in British Columbia that are in play based mostly on past performance:
Nanaimo: This one looks to be a triple toss-up between Con, Dipper and current Greeniac MP Paul Manley. The Lib does not appear to be a factor...Post EDay Update: Dipper Barron up by ~1,000 votes over Con; former Green MP Manly down by 2,700...Need to wait for Mail-In count to be sure - 8,800 ballots ordered - who knows how many got to folks on time to actually get them in?...PPC difference maker? (1,800 votes, plus).
 
Kootenay-Columbia: Current Con MP Rob Morrison is the clear favourite but the Dipper, and former MP, Wayne Stetski is a long shot with a shot...Post EDay Update: Con Morrison wins by 4,700 votes over Stetski...PPC takes an additional 4,300 votes in heartlandia (7.1%).
 

South OK-West Kootenay: Most predictor thingies have this strong for current Dipper MP Cannings. However, there was less than a one point split between Cannings and the Con last time, so this is one where the overall O'Toole National/Regional strength could be a factor in the Con's favour out in the kinda/sorta heartland. It could come down to Dipper GoTV...Post EDay Update:Dipper Cannings wins by 2,500...That rightsided heartlandia strength went PPC with 4,600, plus (7.7%) votes that just might have been the difference.
 
West Van-SunSeaSky: Two way race between Lib MP Weiler and the Con. Neither the Dipper nor the  Greeniac can win, but their numbers are significant such that together they could get enough votes to split and allow the Con to win....Post EDay Update: Lib MP Weiler wins by 2,200 votes over Con...Dipper Avi Lewis does well with 26%.

Burnaby North-Seymour: Supposed to be a two-way race between current Lib MP Terry Beech and Dipper Jim Hanson. Was a three point victory for Beech over Swende R. last time, but now the urban regional Singh bump could help. Interestingly, given the pipeline terminus in the riding, the Greeniac doesn't look to be a factor...Post EDay Update: Lib MP Beech wins going away by 4,700 over Dipper Hanson.

Coquitlam-PoCo: This was essentially a Lib/Con dead heat last time with current Lib MP McKinnon squeaking in with less than one percent victory. Looks like the Dipper is slightly competitive or, at the very least,  a vote gatherer, here though...Post EDay Update: Liberal MP McKinnon wins going away by 4,000 votes over Con.

 

PoMo-Coquitlam: Dipper has a real shot in what looks to be a three way race between Lib and current Con MP Nelly Shin...Post EDay Update: Looks like Dipper Zarrillo will win up by 2,000 votes over Con Shin...PPC might have contributed to spread (1,700 votes) but not the decider, at least pre-Mail-In count. 

Pitt Meadows - Larry Walker's Ridge: You won't find this one on many in play-type lists but I'm going to go out on a limb and say that the Dipper has a shot because it's an historical Lib/Dip split riding that let's the Con, currently MP Marc Dalton, win up the middle....But I reckon this could be one where the regional leader/party polls favouring the Dippers could maybe, just maybe, turn things a wee bit orange...Post EDay Update: Con MP Dalton will win...But Dipper Klapwyk was strong second only down by 2,400 votes with 31.8%...Lib distant third this time out. 

Cloverdale - Langley (is a?) City: Could be the opposite of Pitt Meadows-MR in that here a rising Dipper could take enough votes from the previously close Libs to help the current Con MP Tamara Jansen win again in what should be a relatively close Con/Lib race...Post EDay Update: Still close, Lib up by 1,100 votes on Con MP Jansen...Here the PPC might be difference with 2,500 votes...The Dipper faded into low show position down by 10,000 - had this one way wrong.
 
Delta: It's a toss-up between the Con and current Lib MP Carla Qualtrough. Can't help wonder if the PeepsPartingOfCrazySea candidate just might shave off just enough to keep this one in the red...Post EDay Update: Lib MP Qualtrough wins going away over Con by 4,000...PPC not a factor.

 

Van-Gran...Post EDay Update: Still too close to call..Lib Noormohamed up by 230 votes over Dipper Appadurai...Mail-ins could definitely matter here...Con a fading third 3,200 votes behind.

  

South Surrey-WR...Post EDay Update: Con MP Findlay will hold on to win, up 2,300 over Lib and former CampbellInc/Clarklandian Hogg.

 

Richmond Centre...Post EDay Update: Lib Miao up by 700 votes on longtime Con MP Alice Wong...Definitely need to wait on Mail-Ins here.

 


Voting time is upon us...If you haven't already completed your mail-in ballot advance polling is now open!...General admission Monday!...Now just waiting for the Mail-In's to be counted.


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And we heard from Beer...As you might expect, he is off in the the Albertalands trying to elect Dippers!



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Tuesday, September 07, 2021

The Songification Of Everything...

OneTimeAboveTheThirdFret
WithFeelingVille


We spent the long weekend at our girls' Grandpops house.

To be super-safe we put a hotel suite in his driveway - turns out that you can rent folks' camping trailers as roaming Air B'nB' - type deals.

Anyway, it was a fun weekend, including a Sunday afternoon songification session with Bigger E.

Just in case it's not obvious from the above, you can find E's instantaneous and, more often than not, grammatically correct stuff...Here.


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Wednesday, September 01, 2021

The Little Mountain Deal, Re-Examined: It's More Than Just The Interest Free Loan.

AllTheirDeals'RStill
UsVille


By now you have likely heard about the massive, two hundred million dollar, plus, interest free loan that the 'purchaser' (i.e. Holborn Properties) received from the 'vendor' (i.e. you and me) when they bought the Little Mountain tract in central Lotusland and started demolishing existing public housing soon thereafter.

This is because, finally, thanks to the digging of David Chudnovsky and local advocates as well as Jeremy Allingham and the CBC, we finally got to see the 'contract', which was signed in 2008 and has been amended since.

Yesterday, in addition to his piece that was posted on the CBC British Columbia website (where the entire 'contract' can be downloaded), Mr. Allingham also posted the following on his Twittmachine feed:




Mr. Allingham's tweet led me to go digging through the original 'contract' (careful: pdf file) where I found the following in Section 2.3 of the April 25, 2008, 'Amended and Restated Purchase and Sale Agreement':



Gosh.

Does this mean that the 'purchaser' (i.e. Holborn Properties) doesn't even have to start paying back the principal on the $210,957,340 interest free loan that, again, was laid out by the 'vendor (i.e. you and me) on that 'Remaining Balance' mentioned above as long as they leave the bulldozed and weeded over land fallow (except for a single tranche of already built, but excluded, non-market public housing) while the value of the land just keeps on appreciating?

Well, according to Holborn Properties spokesperson Megan Schrader, it would appear that just might be the case.

Dan Fumano had that part of the story in his piece published in yesterday's Vancouver Sun:
...(Ms.) Schrader, the Holborn spokeswoman, said that remaining balance of $210.9 million will be paid through the proceeds of market housing sales, and the arrangement was structured this way “to prioritize the construction of the social housing units.”

“In payment structures for large land sales, it is very common for the Purchaser to provide a deposit and pay the remaining balance as the land is developed,” Schrader said. “The proceeds of the Little Mountain sale provided immediate funding to the province, allowing them to reinvest that money into affordable housing projects.”...

Imagine that!



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By the way, that Section 2.3 is some Catch...errrrr....Section (it starts on pg 30 of the 'contract' pdf file)...Section 2.3 pretty much lays out the entire deal in financial terms...That 'deposit' that the Holborn spokesperson mentioned above?...In total it appears to be all of thirty-five million dollars....Given that, I don't know about you all but I, for one, sure would be interested to learn what the 'purchaser's' non-market housing parcel is worth today. 
And here's a question for, say, the guy who was in charge of the deal at the time....How, exactly, did Holborn's $35 million lead to more reinvestment in affordable housing projects than, say, $210.9 million, would have at the time?....And, to be clear, when answering that question, phoney provincial budget number re-jigging does not count as a legitimate explanation.


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